Ciaran’s Peculier [sic] Blog

A view of the world from an Irish hole

Category: Uncategorized

Cutting the mustard

The oriental leaves we sowed a few weeks ago are producing a great crop of edible leaves. Over the weekend I spent most of my time taking advantage of the good weather, munching away on handfuls of oriental mustard, washed down with copious draughts of Polish lager, while listening to M&M.

 The oriental mustard, also known as mustard greens, is in fact distantly related to the cabbage. Its botanical name is Brassica Juncea. It is beloved of Chinese cookery. It is also adored by the Meo or Hmong people of Vietnam. These Montagnards converted in large numbers to Christianity during the colonial period. They  also earned a reputation, perhaps undeserved, of collaborating too closely with the Americans.

 Oriental mustard is distinct from the mustard we grow in mustard and cress collections. This has the botanical name of Sinapis alba, and its seeds are one of the essential ingredients in the condiment mustard.

Courgette update

I am delirah an’ exitah to be able to relate that the courgette seeds I sowed a while back are all now germinating very healthily. This possibly has something to do with the pleasant turn in the weather, providing both heat and sunshine. I can now look forward to a bumper crop. What’s more I discovered another packet of a variety of courgette called Romanesco, again from Franchi’s Seeds of Italy. This is a strasighter, light-green and ribbed courgette.

  I think my current success owes much to the guidance of my horticultural consultant partner, who told me how to properly sow the seed. Apparently in the past I was pushing it in too deep, but I just have to say in my defence that I’ve always been a guy who like a real deep penetration – well there is something phallic about courgettes.

Savories

Viewers of Alys Fowler’s BBC series The Edible Garden will recall the glee with which she dug up some of her Jerusalem artichokes. These tubers are amongst my favourite vegetables, but everyone knows that they contain a substance called inulin, which is non-digestible. In fact, this leads to almost uncontrollable flatulence. You just can’t stop farting, and the more you try to keep it in the more you resemble a turnip that’s just about to burst. It’s just the thing if you’re due to meet a bishop or monsignor. Alys  mentioned a plant to alleviate the baleful effects of Jerusalem artichoke – chewing the leaves of winter savory (Satureja Montana). I must admit I’d never heard of that remedy.

 I knew of course about winter savory’s better-known cousin the summer savory (Satureja Hortensis). Both belong to the mint family. This has been known since classical times and Virgil recommended it as a honey herb to be planted near beehives. It was known in medieval England as satturey but somehow it adopted a “v” instead of a “t”. It has long been used in association with legumes, especially beans and lentils, and it most certainly adds to their occasionally monotonous taste. In Germany it has long been known as the bean herb or Bohnenkraut. The association with beans isn’t just culinary though, as summer savory has been proven to be an effective companion plant, which when grown beside beans deters black fly.  Gernot Katzer mentions that it can be used as a very poor substitute for black pepper. Its peppery quality has led to another German name Pfefferkraut. According to the Larousse Gastronmique, its affinity to pepper has led the plant t be known in some parts of Provence as poivre d’ane or Donkey Pepper. I don’t believe this was ever meant as a compliment. 

The savories were so well known in mid seventeenth century England that Culpeper didn’t think it necessary to give a description. He preferred the summer savory. It had quite wide medicinal uses, including the suppression of wind and flatulence, so Alys is on to something. A decoction made with ther leaves and oil of roses and applied as ear drops could ameliorate tinitis, while a poultice of savory leaves and wheat flour was effective against sciatica. 

 Winter savory shares all the qualities of the summer variety, but is reckoned to be spicier. I cannot wait for ours to grow before tucking into some Jerusalem artichokes. Rosie has promised to make me some of that old Victorian favourite Palestine Soup, after which I would recommend those with delicate nostrils to stand well back.

Sweet Cicely

Sweet Cicely

Recently the love of my life Rosie acquired some plants of Sweet Cicely (Myrrhis odarata). This is a love plant, with light green lace-like leaves. Its odour is remarkably pungent, being similar to fennel and anise. It belongs to the same family as parsley (Apiaceae) and is distantly related to plants such as caraway and chervil.

 Its resemblance to chervil has led to a crisis of identity in continental Europe. In france3 it is called Cerfeuil d’Espagne, in German Spanischer Kerbel, in Italian Cerfoglio di Spagna, while the Hungarians know is as Spanyol turbolya. These can be translated as Spanish chervil, a name which may owe something to the belief that it originated in Spain. But the confusion is more extensive. A Dutch name is Roomse kervel or Roman Chervil, while the Finns calls is Saksankirveli or German Chervil.

 It was known to the first-century Greek physician Dioscorides and has long been used to add flavour to food and drinks. Allan Davison in his Oxford Companion to Food describes how it has long been an ingredient of chartreuse. What’s more it is also used in Scandinavia to flavour akvavit. Richard Mabey in Food For Free describes one use in French cuisine, where the leaves are coated in a light batter and fried, as well as an old utilisation of the leaves in Cumbria to clean furniture and doors made of oak. Cicely leaves when added to dishes containing very sharp-tasting ingredients like rhubarb, has the ability to cut through the acerbity. There is thus less need for added sugar and indeed the herb can be used in bitter-tasting dishes as a sugar substitute, making it attractive to some diabetics.

Its use as a medicinal plant was never great; Culpeper didn’t mention it. However, the Encyclopedia of Hefbs and Herbalism, edited by M. Stuart, refers to its one-time application to wounds to stop haemorrhaging.

 Check out Gernot Katzer’s excellent Spice pages.

Hommage a Francois Villon

Every time I travel down Cavan town’s Farnham Street, and I look at the site once occup0ied by the Farnham Hall, Villon’s refrain from his “Ballade des dames du temps jadis” comes into my mind: “Mais oú sont les neiges d’antan?” (that’s your actual French that is, as Kenneth Williams said). “Where are the snows of yesteryear?” The Farnham Hall was knocked down unceremoniously in an act of barbaric vandalism one October Saturday morning. (It must be said though that the man who did it, while having the social graces of a skunk was an angel of transparency when compared to his two-faced successor.) On the altar of its destruction has risen a building displaying the architectural élan of a six-year-old playing with Lego bricks. But let us return to Villon.

He spent quite a lot of the life known to us in prison. He was very gifted intellectually, and I feel a certain affinity with him, as I often feel imprisoned. He stole money from the Chapel of the College de Navarre, which had probably been gained dishonourably anyway. Then he was sentenced to death. It was while on death row that he wrote his “Ballad of the hanged men”. One manuscript copy of the poem is illustrated by a drawing of a scaffold with three men swinging from it, two at least of whom wear something suspiciously like a smile. But Villon’s death sentence was commuted to banishment from Paris. This was in January 1463. After that he vanishes from history. He may have fallen an anonymous victim of the tavern brawls he delighted in. Maybe he changed his name (he had done it before), or maybe he led a long and fulfilling life in some French provincial backwater, his wants amply catered for by a succession of wenches.

The Ballad of the Hanged Men

 Human brothers, who live after us,
Do not harden your hearts against us,
For if you pity us poor sinners,  
God will be more merciful to you.
As for our flesh, which we fed too well:
It is long since wasted and rotten,
And our bones become ash and powder;
Let nobody laugh at our bad luck.
But pray that all will be forgiven!

If we call you brother, do not have;
Disdain for us, though we be murdered
Lawfully, since you know all about
How not all men have common sense
Intercede for us who are no more-
With the Son of the Virgin Mary,,
That his grace for us should no0 dry up,
But preserving us from Hell’s lightning.
We are no more, let no soul harry us;
But pray that all will be forgiven!

The wet rain has washed us with its mist,
The hot sun has dried and blackened us;
Magpies and crows have gouged out our eyes
And have torn our beards and our eyebrows.
Never, at no time, are we seated;
Now here, now there, as the wind changes
Ceaselessly, at its pleasure, we move;
We are pecked full of holes like a thimble.
Thus do not be of our fellowship.
But pray that all will be forgiven!

ENVOI

May Prince Jesus who is lord over us all,
Prevent Hell exerting lordship over us:
Let us not have any dealings with it.
Men, nobody is laughing where we are,
Let us pray that all will be forgiven!

(translation by Ciaran Parker)

A forgotten Italian poet

The late Thirteenth century was a marvellous time in Italy. It was like the dawn of a new era in human history. The medieval world was giving way to something far finer and more outward looking, which came to be known as The Renaissance. Already new forms of painting under such masters as Cimabue were being developed. The dead hand of plainchant was giving way to polyphony in music. Speak of this era and one immediately thinks of Dante, but there was another poet, a few years’ Dante’s senior, who deserves to be better known.

 Cecho Angiolieri was born in Siena around 1260. (My friend Gerry jokes that he has one big thing in common with Jude Law – they’ve both been in Siena …) Cecho moved to Rome where he son became famous, if not infamous for his skills as a versifier and a satirist. He liked the finer things in life, like wine and women, but seldom had money to pay for either, and what littler he did make he soon squandered away at the gaming tables. Surprisingly Cecho lived to the ripe old age (for his day) of fifty-two.

 Cecho is famous for a fresh and unencumbered style. Not for him the anally retentive prissiness of Dante and the dolce stil nuovo dominated by its adoration of love and female perfection. While Dante swooned after his Beatrice, Petrarca his Laura, and Boccaccio his Fiammetta, Cecho lusted after his Becchina, but whereas these poetical muses were “high class totty”, either married or destined to marry noblemen and w bankers, Becchina was a full-blooded, three-hundred-and-sixty degrees woman, the daughter of a cobbler and leather worker. Incidentally he is reputed to have once called dearest Dante a bollocks, or the Florentine equivalent.

About 150 poems by Cecho including the sonnet “S’ I’ fosse foco” (If I were fire) which I have appended in a rather free translation which probably seems like Jack Kerouac meets Stewy from Family Guy.

 If I were fire I’d burn the world,
If I were wind I’d blow it away.
If I were water I’d drown it,
If I were God I’d send it to the depths/
If I were Pope, I’d have a great time
As I’d do everyone in Christendom.
If I were emperor – do you know what I’d do?
I’d cut off the heads of everyone around me

If I were Death I’d go to my father’s,
If I were life I’d flee from him.
I’d do the same with my mother.
If I were Cecho, which I am and have been.
I’d take the girls who are young and gay,
And give the old and ugly away. 

Captain King in Kamchatka

 Apart from those members of Captain Cook’s crew who were unambiguously Irish, there were also many with strong links to Ireland. One of them was Lieutenant (later Captain) James King. Although he was a native of Clitheroe in Lancashire, his father, who was a curate in Lancashire, was subsequently named Dean of the diocese of Raphoe in Donegal.

 King had served with Cook as assistant astronomer and second lieutenant during the latter’s fateful third voyage. On Captain Cook’s death he was named first lieutenant on board HMS Resolution under the ailing Captain Charles Clerke and accompanied him northwards towards the Kamchatka peninsular. When the voyage landed at Petropavlovsk Kamchatskiy he travelled to meet the commanding officer on the peninsular, the Baltic German Major Behm who resided at Bol’sheretsk on the Okhotsk Sea. Both ships were then furnished with adequate provisions, and both the Resolution and her sister ship HMS Discovery left Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy in June, just after they had witnessed an eruption of the nearby volcano Avachinskiy. This showered the ships with an inch-thick covering of volcanic ash. He sailed towards the Bering straits in a vain attempt at finding a north-western passage leading to Baffin Island and Hudson’s Bay, but they were frustrated in their travels by thick pack ice, which forced the ships back to Petropavlovsk. It was while lying off the harbour that Captain Clerke died and King became the commander of the Discovery.

 King continued Captain Cook’s journal of the voyage. He has left behind some amazing and interesting descriptions of life on the Kamchatka peninsular at the time. The area had been opened up to Russian settlers in the preceding decades. Many of these were fur trappers, as well as Cossacks who pursued an unspoken policy of genocide against the native Itelmens or Kamchadals, similar to what would happen on the other side of the Pacific Ocean in the next century. Their numbers had been further thinned by a serious outbreak of smallpox in the 1760s.King describes a surprising level of co-existence between native and settler. The natives were governed by officially appointed toions or magistrates, many of them the result of intermarriage between the Russians and Kamchadal. They had tax collecting powers, as well as what amounted to complete criminal and civil jurisdiction over the Kamchadal living in their area. The only person above them was the provincial commander. Major Behm’s departure to return to European Russia to another appointment coincided with the expedition’s leaving, and King noted genuine sorrow on the part of the Kamchadal to see him going. King described their dress and domestic arrangements, as well as the particularly close relationship they enjoyed with the bear. Their dance was characterised as a series of movements of ursine imitation – sounds just like Strictly – while the Kamchadal observed the habits of bears closely, using berries and plants that the animal used for dealing with cuts and abrasions.

 Nowadays there aren’t many Kamchadal left. Most had given up their language in favour of Russian, and because there were so few of them they didn’t qualify for any of the largesse of Stalin’s Nationalities’ Policy, such as their own National Area.

How does my garden grow

I love growing vegetables. There is something so life affirming about watching seeds germinate, tending the young and growing plants, harvesting the crop and then eating the freshest produce available. Sadly, I can’t say I possess green fingers, unlike my partner Rosie. As a result of my lack of horticultural assiduity Rosie has tended to steer me clear of gardening, but this year I have been allowed to nurture a number of crops from sowing to (hopefully)  harvesting.

 These include “cut-and-come-again” salad crops. A few weeks’ ago I sowed two seed collections, both from the long-established company of Thompson and Morgan. The first was a selection of leaves such as endive (which I adore – much more flavour than ordinary lettuce), escarole lettuce and salad burnet whose Linnaean name is I think Sangisorbus. These suffered a mini disaster early on when one of our five cats decided to take a dump in the container. However, the seeds have germinated in the remaining poop-free part of the container and are already healthy and vigorous seedlings. The second sowing in a different container consisted of oriental leaves, such as red mustard, mizuna and pak choi. They too are doing well.

 On the same occasion I sowed some French beans. These were a dwarf, purple-podded variety called Purple Queen from Unwins . I rounded off my horticultural adventures by sowing a dwarf variety of pea called Piccolo Provenzale from those wonderful seed merchants Franchi, also known as Seeds of Italy, whose seeds ae always remarkable for their freshness.

 The other area of vegetable growing I showed interest in was courgettes. Yesterday I sowed three varieties: Tondo di Nizza, Rugosa Friulana and a golden variety, all from Franchis. Even if we get a glut of courgettes I look forwarding to eating their delicious flowers stuffed and fried.

Captain Cook’s Irish sailors

Irishmen were to be found among the crew of all of Captain Cook’s voyages of discovery. I’ve identified four who played not insubstantial roles in his second voyage.

 This set out with the aim of discovering a southern continent. It consisted of two ships; the Endeavour, captained by Cook himself, and the Adventure, a former collier, commanded by Tobias Furneaux.

 The Adventure became separated from the Endeavour early in 1773. The two ships endured a much longer separation beginning in October of the same year off the New Zealand coast, and were not destined to be reunited. The Adventure landed at Queen Charlotte Sound on the north-eastern extremity of New Zealand’s South Island at the end of November 1773, only a few days after the Endeavour had sailed a way. On December 17th a party of experienced seamen was sent, several days’ later, to the nearby Grass Cove (called Wharehunga by the local Maoris), to collect information and foodstuffs. They were expected to be stay for only a few hours, but night fell without their return. The next day a search party commanded by Lieutenant Burney found the grisly indications of what had happened to them. They first found fresh meat which they wrongly identified as dog meat, but the discovery of ten headless and disembowelled corpses showed that the men had been murdered. What’s more there were indications that they were being prepared for eating. (Anyone interested in reading more about he Grass Cove Massacre should visit New Zealand History online

 Those on board included Francis Murphy, the ship’s quartermaster, and John Cavenaugh. I don’t know where in Ireland they came from, but their surnames give us some clues. The surname Murphy is common throughout the island, but is especially numerous in Co. Cork. Cavenaugh or Kavanagh is common in the southeast, especially in counties Carlow and Wexford.

 Murphy and Cavenaugh can, I believe, hold the rather dubious accolade of being the fire Irishmen killed in New Zealand.

 The company of Cook’s ship Endeavour included an Irish gunner’s mate named John Marra (probably O’Meara). The surname is common in Co. Tipperary. He had previously joined the Dutch naval service, or probably the Dutch East India Company, which brought him to Java and Batavia (now Djakarta). It was there Captain Cook first met him, while returning from his first voyage of discovery. Marra professed to having no friends or contacts in Europe, and when the Endeavour stopped off at Tahiti in 1773 he exhibited a strong indication to stay there. This may have been enhanced by the low cost of living and the welcome of the natives, especially the women. Cook however impressed upon him the need of staying with the ship. We don’t know how he did it but maybe the threat of flogging or the cat o’ nine tails did the trick for he returned to England with Cook. Once there he did not initially go gentle into that good night of obscurity. All of the officers and crew promised Cook they would not publish accounts of the voyage until the Admiralty had given its consent. Public interest in their findings was intense and rumours abounded about what he had discovered and their appetite for information could not be assuaged by then non-existent media like television. It was therefore with considerable unease that in September 1775 Captain Cook learned that an account of the voyage, written by one of the participants, was at a London printers and was awaiting publication. Suspicion initially fell on the Endeavour’s gunner, Robert Anderson, but when Cook challenged him he denied all knowledge and undertook to find out who had written about the voyage. A visit to the bookseller and printer Francis Newbury provided him with the necessary information: it was \Anderson’s old friend John Marra, then residing at the Angel Inn, Angel Court, Southwark. Anderson left him in no doubt that he had earned the displeasure of the captain. Although he denied involvement he travelled with Anderson to the publisher where he insisted that the account of the voyage they had should only be published under hi8s name. But he was still anxious to retain the patronage of Captain Cook so he paid him a visit, again denying any involvement in the publication scheme himself but pointing the finger of blame at others, including a coxswain named Reardon – a surname of Counties Cork and Limerick. These people had already supplied drafts to the publisher who had rejected them because they were so badly written. Cook was content that if these were the only publications then pending, they did not think they were “worth regarding”. But he intended to pay a visit to the printers to discover the truth of the matter. This would be made3 easier by his knowledge of all the handwriting of his crew.

 Whether he ever made this trip I do not know. Certainly at the time Cook had other, and bigger fish to fry, not the least was the invitation to lead yet another voyage to the South Pacific. This was the prove his last, from which he was not to return. I have found no references to Marra being one of the crew.

© Ciaran Parker 2010

.

Young men of Ireland beware!

Tonight, April 30th, is Walpurgisnacht, the night when witches congregate on the Trocken in Germany’s Harz Mountains for their annual witches’ Sabbath.

 The name was said by some to come from a shadowy Anglo-Saxon nun called St. Walburga. However, there was a much longer cult among the German tribes of worshipping a forest deity called Waldborg. This traditionally occurred on May Eve. So deeply entrenched was the belief that the Christian authorities dealt with it by making Waldborg into St Walburga, whose relics were moved to the German town of Eichstatt on … 30 April which then became her feast in the Christian rite.

 The Sabbath on the Trocken wax always marked by excess. The witches met there with their master, the Devil or as they say in these parts, the lad with the horns. They engaged in wild and delirium-inducing dances, and after being laid prostrate by constant circular motions the Devil would have beastly carnal knowledge of them. Once awaken again they would compete with each other to satisfy his voracious lustful appetite, by taking his manhood in their mouths. At the moment of consummation they would allow the diabolical seed to spurt out onto the ground. Tradition held that wherever the Devil’s semen landed would be devoid of crops for seven generations.

 The air was often permeated by frightful growling sounds like thunder. This was caused by the gargling of other witches as they allowed the diabolical essence to course through their bodies. No matter how many times they gave head to their master, he remained unsalted.

 Similar Sabbaths were held in parts of Ireland. It was held that the locations where the witches spat out the Devil’s seed were marked by the plant long known in Irish as the Bohillan bui. This had poisonous effects on the soil and was also toxic to livestock.

 Walpurgis night falls fatefully this year on a Friday night, and so young Irish males returning at late hours from discos should be on their guard against the temptations of disguised witches. They should remember that these ladies have experiences and kills of sucking men dry with far bigger tanks than theirs.

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.